Disputes that Must Be Arbitrated
This agreement applies to any “Dispute” between you and us. “Dispute” means any dispute, claim, or controversy (excluding those exceptions listed below) between you and us that arise out of your use of the Platforms, whether based in contract, tort, statute, fraud, misrepresentation, or any other legal theory, for which either of us seeks legal recourse, including the validity, enforceability, or scope of this agreement to arbitrate or any portion of it.
The exceptions to this arbitration requirement are: (i) claims that can be brought as individual actions in small-claims court; (ii) pursuit of enforcement actions through a government agency if the law allows; (iii) an action to compel or uphold any prior arbitration decision; (iv) your or our right to seek injunctive relief in a court of law to preserve the status quo while an arbitration proceeds; (v) claims of intellectual property infringement; (vi) claims that are the subject of a proposed class or collective action settlement in any court; (vii) the enforceability of the requirement that arbitrations must be conducted on an individual rather than a class basis; and (viii) certain roles expressly specified for courts in the terms below.
Informal Resolution
If you have a Dispute against us or if we have a dispute against you, we will attempt to resolve the Dispute informally before an arbitration is filed in order to resolve the Dispute faster and reduce costs for both parties. You and we will make a good-faith effort to negotiate the resolution of any Dispute for at least 30 days (“Informal Resolution”) from the day you or we receive a written notice of a dispute from the other party (a “Notice of Dispute”) in accordance with these Terms.
You must send any Notice of Dispute by email or via U.S. mail to the contact details provided at the end of these Terms.
We will send any Notice of Dispute to your registered email address and ATTN: NOTICE OF DISPUTE to the email address and any address you have provided us. The Notice of Dispute sent by either party must include the sender’s name, address, and other contact information, a description of the Dispute (including any relevant account names), and what resolution to the Dispute is being sought.
The Notice requirement is designed to allow us (or you, in the case of a dispute we assert against you) to make a fair, fact-based offer of settlement if we or you choose to do so. Neither party can proceed to arbitration unless this information has been provided. If either party proceeds to arbitration without providing a compliant Notice of Dispute, the sufficiency of a Notice of Dispute is an issue to be decided by a court. A court may enjoin the filing of an arbitration demand that has not been preceded by a compliant Notice of Dispute and may order a party that has filed an arbitration demand without having provided a compliant Notice of Dispute to reimburse the other party for any arbitration fees and costs already incurred.
Small-Claims Court
You and we agree that notwithstanding the obligation to arbitrate Disputes, Disputes that qualify for small-claims court in either the county where you live or in the State of New York, may be brought as individual actions in such small-claims courts. We hope you’ll try Informal Resolution first, and you must do so before commencing an arbitration, but you don’t have to complete the Informal Resolution process before going to small-claims court.
Binding Individual Arbitration
THE ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS IN THIS SECTION WILL BE CONDUCTED ON AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS ONLY. Under no circumstances do we consent to have any Disputes arbitrated using class action procedures, even if the arbitration provider has rules permitting class arbitrations.
You and we agree that Disputes will be settled by binding individual arbitration conducted by the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) according to the U.S. Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) and federal arbitration law and according to the Consumer Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, as modified by these Terms. These Terms affect interstate commerce, and the enforceability of this Section will be substantively and procedurally governed by the FAA, 9 U.S.C. § 1, et seq., to the extent permitted by law.
“Arbitration” means that Disputes between you and us will be resolved by a neutral arbitrator instead of in a court by a judge or jury.
“Individual” means that the arbitrator may award the same remedies to you or to us as a court could, but only to satisfy your or our individual claims. To the fullest extent allowed by applicable law, the arbitrator may not award money or other relief for the benefit of any person other than you or us as part of the resolution of any Dispute.
“Binding” means that both you and we will have to live with the arbitrator’s decision, except to the limited extent appeals to a court are permitted under the FAA. As limited by the FAA, these Terms, and the rules applicable to the arbitration, the arbitrator will have exclusive authority to make all procedural and substantive decisions regarding any Dispute and to grant any remedy that would otherwise be available in court, including the power to determine the question of arbitrability. The arbitrator will have authority to award temporary, interim, or permanent injunctive relief or relief providing for specific performance of these Terms, but (as provided above) only to the extent necessary to provide relief to a party in arbitration warranted by the individual claim before the arbitrator. The award rendered by the arbitrator may be confirmed and enforced in any court having jurisdiction.
Arbitration Procedure and Location
You or we may initiate arbitration of any Disputes not resolved by Informal Resolution by filing a Demand for Arbitration with the AAA in accordance with the Consumer Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association. Instructions for filing a Demand for Arbitration are available at https://www.adr.org/Rules or by calling the AAA at 1-800-778-7879, TTY 711. You will send a copy of any Demand for Arbitration by email or via U.S. mail to the address provided in the contact information at the end of these Terms.
We will send any Demand for Arbitration to the email address and to any address you have provided us.
The arbitration will be conducted by a single arbitrator. You and we both agree that the arbitration will be conducted in the English language and that the arbitrator will be bound by these Terms.
For Disputes in which the claimant seeks less than $10,000, the arbitrator will decide the matter solely on the basis of written submissions, without a formal hearing, unless the arbitrator decides that a formal hearing is necessary. For matters in which the claimant seeks $10,000 or more, or smaller matters in which the arbitrator determines a hearing to be necessary, hearings shall be conducted by video or telephone, unless the arbitrator determines an in-person hearing to be necessary. If an in-person hearing is required, and you reside in the United States, the hearing will take place in the State of New York unless the arbitrator determines that this would pose a hardship for the claimant, in which case the in-person hearing may be conducted in the claimant’s state and county of residence. If you reside outside the United States, the site of any in-person hearing will be determined by the applicable Rules.
The arbitrator shall permit you and us to file a dispositive motion(s) to determine threshold issues, such as arbitrability and whether the Demand for Arbitration states a claim for which relief may be granted.
The arbitrator (not a judge or jury) will resolve the Dispute. Unless you and we agree otherwise, any decision or award will include a written statement stating the decision of each claim and the basis for the award, including the arbitrator’s essential factual and legal findings and conclusions.
To the fullest extent allowed by applicable law, the arbitrator may only award legal or equitable remedies that are Individual to you or us to satisfy one of our individual claims (that the arbitrator determines are supported by credible relevant evidence).
An arbitration award, and any judgment confirming it, apply only to that specific case; it cannot be used or offered as precedent in any other case except to enforce the award itself.
Any decision or award may be enforced as a final judgment by any court of competent jurisdiction or, if applicable, application may be made to such court for judicial confirmation of any award and an order of enforcement.
Consumer Arbitration Fees
Payment of all filing, administration, and arbitrator costs and expenses imposed by the AAA will be governed by the Consumer Arbitration Rules, except if you are initiating an arbitration against us and the value of the relief sought is $10,000 or less. Even if the Dispute involves a claim of damages of more than USD $10,000, we may still help you with your fees if you demonstrate that arbitration costs will be prohibitive compared to litigation costs, we will pay as much of your arbitration costs as the arbitrator finds is necessary to prevent arbitration from being cost-prohibitive (as compared to the cost of litigation).
Notwithstanding our agreement to pay all of the arbitration costs if the Dispute involves a claim of damages of USD $10,000 or less, we will not pay a claimant’s share of fees if (1) the claimant is represented by the same common or coordinated counsel as other claimants with similar claims unless the total aggregated claim of damages is USD $10,000 or less for all claimants; or (2) you comply in good-faith with the Informal Resolution provision of this section.
You and we agree not to seek any attorneys’ fees and expert witness costs unless the arbitrator finds that a claim or defense was frivolous or asserted for an improper purpose. Applicable law may allow the arbitrator to award attorneys’ fees and costs to the prevailing party.
You are responsible for all other additional costs that you may incur in the arbitration, including attorney's fees and expert witness costs, unless we are otherwise specifically required to pay such fees under applicable law.
Arbitration costs do not include your attorneys’ fees and expenses if you choose to be represented by an attorney. If you choose to be represented by an attorney, you will pay your own attorneys’ fees and costs unless the applicable law provides otherwise.
If we start an arbitration against you, we will pay all filing fees.
Coordinated Filings
If 25 or more Disputes are initiated with the arbitrator that raise similar claims, and counsel for the claimants are the same or coordinated, these will be considered “Coordinated Cases.” We will pay only its share of arbitration fees for Coordinated Cases; the claimants will be responsible for their share of those fees as set by the Rules and the AAA’s fee schedule for mass arbitrations. Applicable statutes of limitations will be tolled for all claimants who have provided compliant Notices of Dispute to us, but demands for arbitration in Coordinated Cases shall only be filed with the arbitration provider as permitted by the bellwether process set forth below, and we shall not be required to pay any fees associated with cases that this agreement does not allow to be filed.
Once all Notices of Dispute have been provided to us for Coordinated Cases, counsel for claimants and counsel for us shall confer in good faith regarding the number of cases that should proceed as bellwethers, to allow each side to test the merits of its arguments, before the remainder of claims may be filed with the arbitration provider. Any number chosen must be an even number so as to allow each side to designate its half of the cases selected for bellwether trials. If counsel for claimants and for us do not agree on the number of bellwethers, the number shall be chosen by the arbitration provider as an administrative matter (or, in the arbitration provider’s discretion, by a process arbitrator). Factors that the arbitration provider may consider in making this decision include the complexity of the dispute and differences in facts or applicable laws among various claims. Once the number of bellwethers is fixed, by agreement or by the arbitration provider, each side shall select half that number from among the claimants who have provided compliant Notices of Dispute, and only those chosen claims may be filed with the arbitration provider. You agree that if your case is among Coordinated Cases filed against us, resolution of your personal claim might be delayed by this bellwether process. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to delay the resolution of uncoordinated Disputes based on similar claims to Coordinated Cases filed against us.
A single arbitrator shall preside over each Coordinated Case chosen for a bellwether proceeding, and only one Coordinated Case may be assigned to each arbitrator as part of a bellwether process unless the parties agree otherwise.
Once all bellwether trials have concluded (or sooner if the counsel for the claimants in the Coordinate Cases and we agree), the parties must make a good-faith effort to resolve all remaining cases that were not chosen for a bellwether proceeding by engaging in a single mediation of all remaining cases. Each side shall pay half the applicable mediation fee. Counsel for claimants in the Coordinated Cases and for us must agree on a mediator within 30 days after the conclusion of the last bellwether trial. If counsel for claimants in the Coordinated Cases and for us cannot agree on a mediator within 30 days, the arbitration provider will appoint a mediator as an administrative matter. Counsel for the claimants in the Coordinated Cases and for us will cooperate for the purpose of ensuring that the mediation is scheduled as quickly as practicable after the mediator is appointed.
If the mediation does not yield a global resolution, then claimants in Coordinated Cases who provided compliant Notices of Dispute but whose claims were not resolved in bellwether proceedings shall no longer have the right to arbitrate their Dispute. Instead, outstanding claims from such cases may be filed only in the state courts of New York, and you consent as part of these Terms to venue such cases exclusively in these courts. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed as prohibiting either you or us from removing a case from state to federal court if removal is allowed under applicable law. To the extent you are asserting the same claims as other persons and are represented by common or coordinated counsel, you agree to waive any objection that the joinder of all such persons is impracticable. If a formerly arbitrable Dispute is brought in court, claimants may seek class treatment, but to the fullest extent allowed by applicable law, the classes sought may comprise only the claimants in the Coordinated Cases who provided compliant Notices of Dispute, and we reserve the right to contest class certification at any stage of the litigation and on any available basis.
A court shall have authority to enforce this bellwether process and may enjoin the filing of lawsuits or arbitration demands not made in compliance with it.
Continuation in Effect
The dispute resolution process set forth in this agreement survives the termination of any other agreement between you and us.
Future Terms Changes
Although we may revise these dispute resolution terms in its discretion, we do not have the right to alter this agreement, or the arbitration rules specified herein, with respect to any Dispute once that Dispute arises if such change would make arbitration procedures materially less favorable to the claimant. The question of whether a change is materially less favorable to the claimant shall be decided by the arbitration provider as a process matter.
Class Action Waiver
To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, disputes, claims, and controversies not subject to the requirement to arbitrate (including, but not limited to, claims filed in small claims court and claims that are deemed not subject to the requirement to arbitrate) may not be aggregated together in a class action, except that (as set forth above in Coordinated Filings provision) if a formerly arbitrable Dispute is brought in court, claimants may seek class treatment, but to the fullest extent allowed by applicable law, the classes sought may comprise only the claimants in the Coordinated Cases who provided compliant Notices of Dispute, and we reserve the right to contest class certification at any stage of the litigation and on any available basis. Accordingly, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, you and we will only bring disputes, claims, or controversies between us in an individual capacity only and shall not:
seek to bring, join, or participate in any class or representative action, collective or class-wide arbitration, or any other action where another individual or entity acts in a representative capacity (like private attorney general actions); or
consolidate or combine individual proceedings or permit another to do so without the express consent of all parties to these Terms.
Severability
If all or any provision of this agreement is found invalid, unenforceable, or illegal, then you and we agree that the provision will be severed, and the rest of these terms shall remain in effect and be construed as if any severed provision had not been included. The sole exception is that if the prohibition on class arbitrations is found invalid, unenforceable, or illegal, you and we agree that this entire agreement to arbitrate (but not the separate class action waiver) will be void and unenforceable and any dispute will be resolved in court subject to the venue and choice of law clauses specified herein.
Your 30-Day Right to Opt Out
You have the right to opt out of and not to be bound by the Binding Individual Arbitration provisions set forth in these Terms (except for the class action waiver, which is not subject to an opt-out). To exercise this right, you must send written notice of your decision by email or via U.S. mail to the contact details provided at the end of these terms.
Your notice must include your name, mailing address, and email address associated with your account with us, and state that you do not wish to be bound by the Binding Individual Arbitration provisions set forth in these Terms. TO BE EFFECTIVE, THIS NOTICE MUST BE EMAILED, POSTMARKED OR DEPOSITED WITHIN 30 DAYS OF THE DATE ON WHICH YOU FIRST ACCEPTED THESE TERMS UNLESS A LONGER PERIOD IS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW; OTHERWISE, YOU WILL BE BOUND TO ARBITRATE DISPUTES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THIS SECTION. You are responsible for ensuring that we receive your opt-out notice, so you may wish to send it by a means that provides a delivery receipt. If you opt out of these provisions, we will not be bound by them with respect to disputes with you.